Delegates and Events in C#: A Beginner’s Tutorial || Delegates and Events in C#: A Beginner’s Tutorial

Delegates and Events in C#: A Beginner’s Tutorial

Understanding the Power of Delegates and Event-Driven Programming

A Practical Guide with Real-World Examples and Simple Explanations

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• What Are Delegates?
• Types of Delegates
• What Are Events?
• Delegates vs Events
• Real-Life Applications
• C# Code Examples
• Conclusion

Introduction

Delegates and events are core features of C# and are heavily used in real-world applications. They power callback mechanisms, event-driven architecture, UI interactions, and communication between components. This guide explains these concepts in a simple and beginner-friendly way.

What Are Delegates?

A delegate in C# is a type that represents a reference to a method. In simple terms, delegates are like function pointers but safe and object-oriented.

Key Features of Delegates

• They reference methods.
• They support callbacks.
• They can reference multiple methods (multicast).

Types of Delegates

• Single Delegate
• Multicast Delegate
• Generic Delegates: Func, Action, Predicate

What Are Events?

Events are a messaging system between objects. When something happens (button clicked, data received, threshold reached), an event is triggered, and methods subscribed to the event are executed.

Example of Events Around You

• Button click in Windows Forms/WPF
• Payment success notification
• Sensor detecting motion
• Messaging apps showing "User is typing..."

Delegates vs Events

Delegate: Holds the reference to the method.
Event: Controls access to the delegate and ensures proper usage.

Real-Life Applications

• User interface programming
• Game development (Unity events)
• Notification systems
• Logging mechanisms
• IoT and hardware event triggers

C# Code Examples

1. Simple Delegate Example

public delegate void MyDelegate(string message);

public class Demo
{
public static void ShowMessage(string msg)
{
Console.WriteLine(msg);
}

```
public static void Main()
{
    MyDelegate del = ShowMessage;
    del("Hello from delegate!");
}
```

} 

2. Event Example in C#

public class Alarm
{
    public event Action OnAlarmTriggered;

```
public void Trigger()
{
    Console.WriteLine("Alarm triggered!");
    OnAlarmTriggered?.Invoke();
}
```

}

public class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Alarm a = new Alarm();

```
    a.OnAlarmTriggered += () => Console.WriteLine("Handler 1 responding!");
    a.OnAlarmTriggered += () => Console.WriteLine("Handler 2 responding!");

    a.Trigger();
}
```

} 

Tip: Use events when multiple components need to react independently to a single action.

Conclusion

Delegates and events form the backbone of event-driven programming in C#. They make applications interactive, modular, and responsive. Whether you’re building games, UI applications, or real-time systems, mastering these concepts will elevate your development skills.

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